1. Vanadium Element Protons Neutrons Electrons
2. Atomic Number Of Lithium
3. Atomic Number Of Vanadium Chromium

Vanadium is a hard metal and was discovered in 1801. It resists corrosion and is widely used to make various alloys.

History and Discovery

Our vanadium page has over 290 facts that span 101 different quantities. Each entry has a full citation identifying its source. Areas covered include atomic structure, physical properties, atomic interaction, thermodynamics, identification, atomic size, crystal structure, history, abundances, and nomenclature.

Vanadium was discovered by Andres Manuel del Rio in 1801 in Mexico City. He discovered it in a specimen of vanadite. He sent his samples to the Institute den France for inspection and confirmation, but his letter was lost in a shipwreck. Later, Vanadium was rediscovered by Nils Gabriel Sefstrom Swedish chemist who analyzed the samples of iron from a mine in 1830 [1]. Vanadium was isolated by Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe during reaction of vanadium trichloride with hydrogen gas in 1867. Pure vanadium was produced by reducing vanadium pentoxide with calcium in 1927. Vanadium got his named after ‘Vanadis’ who is the Scandinavian Goddess of beauty, as vanadium form various multicolored beautiful compounds.

1. Atomic Number of Vanadium Vanadium is a chemical element with atomic number 23 which means there are 23 protons and 23 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Vanadium is V. Atomic Mass of Vanadium.
2. Vanadium is a chemical element with atomic number 23 which means there are 23 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

Vanadium

Occurrence

Vanadium in native form is rare in nature. It is the 20^th most abundant element in the earth crust. It is present in crude oil, coal, oil shale (sedimentary rock) and tar sands deposits. Vanadium is detected spectroscopically in sun light and in the light from other stars. Vanadium in the form of their compounds exit in nature. It is mined mostly in South Africa, North West China and Eastern Russia. Vanadium in the form of vanadyl ion (functional group in which triple bond exit between V⁴⁺ and O^2-) is present in sea water. Some mineral water also contain vanadium ions in high concentration [2].

Physical Characteristics

Vanadium is silver white, medium hard and ductile metal. It has strong structural strength. Vanadium is resistant to corrosion and is stable in alkalis and acids including, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. It mostly exit in combined form with certain other minerals. The atomic number of vanadium is 23, and atomic mass is 50.914 g/mol. Vanadium melts at 1910^oC and boils at 3407^oC.

Chemical Characteristics

Vanadium is quite reactive with oxygen, nitrogen and carbon at high temperatures. Vanadium in aqueous solution forms different color complexes like lilac [V(H₂O)₆]²⁺, green [V(H₂O)₆]³⁺ , blue [VO(H₂O)₅]²⁺and yellowVO₃^–. Vanadium exist in four adjacent oxidation states, +2 to +5. V(II) compounds are strong reducing agent, V(V) are oxidizing agent and V(IV) compounds mostly exist as vanadyl derivatives that contain a VO²⁺ center. Vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst to produce sulfuric acid. Vanadium also form binary halides (VI₄, VCL₅, VI₅) but they are highly unstable. Vanadium also carry out oxidation of organic substances, as oxidation ethanol to form acetaldehyde. Vanadium is miscible in concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia (mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acid) [3].

Significance and Uses

• Vanadium is used to form alloys of steel and iron to impart desirable corrosion resistant characteristics to them.
• In chemical industry, vanadium metal sheets, wires and tubes are widely used.
• Vanadium steel is strong and provides shock resistance.
• Vanadium is extensively used as a catalyst, such as vanadium pentoxide.
• Vanadium pentoxide is also used in ceramics.
• The vanadium redox batteries are used to efficiently store energy.
• It is also used to protect steel against rust and corrosion.
• Vanadium foil is used in cladding of titanium to steel as it has compatibility with both iron and titanium.
• ⁵¹V isotopes is used for NMR spectroscopy.
• Vanadium in the form of supplement is used in pharmaceutical applications.
• Vanadium is used as a catalyst in the manufacture process of polyamides, like nylon.
• It is used for the treatment of prediabetes and diabetes.
• Vanadium in used for manufacturing of steel alloys for cutting and grinding purposes.

Health effects

Vanadium act like insulin and functions to increase the effects of insulin. It is used to treat low blood sugar, high cholesterol, heart disease and water retention in the body. Vanadium is non-toxic, but when ingested in large amounts, it increases the risk of kidney damage. Vanadium uptake by humans is mainly through food including, like buckwheat, soya beans, olive oil, apples and eggs. Acute effects of vanadium include irritability of throat, eyes and lungs. Prolonged exposure can cause damage to the nervous system, general weakness and skin rashes.

Isotopes of Vanadium

Vanadium has only one stable isotope, ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope, ⁵⁰V, that has a half-life of 1.5×10¹⁷ years. Twenty-four artificial radioisotopes also have been discovered having atomic mass number ranging from 40 to 65. Most stable in these isotopes is ⁴⁹V, that has half-life of 330 days.

REFERENCES

[1]. https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele023.html

Vanadium Element Protons Neutrons Electrons

[2]. Rehder, Dieter (2008). Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry (1st ed.). Hamburg, Germany: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 5 & 9–10.

Atomic Number Of Lithium

[3]. https://www.britannica.com/science/vanadium

Other Periodic Table Elements

Atomic Number Of Vanadium Chromium

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